1、一些连系动词的主动式+形容词。常见动look, smell, taste, sound, feel, prove, turn out等。
2、To work hard is necessary.(It is necessary to work hard.)
3、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数,and后面的名词没有冠词。如:
4、as, though引导的让步状语从句,形容词、名词作表语常位于句首,形成倒装。
5、On the wall were two famous paintings.
6、表示动作在另一过去动作发生时进行。例如:They were still working when I left.
7、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)连接的是主语,谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如:
8、如果宾语从句放在句首,用whether不用if. Eg. Whether this is true or not, I can’t say.
9、I teach myself French.不可变为Myself is taught French.因为反身代词不可作主语。
10、容易误用被动语态的几种情况:
11、不可数名词没有复数形式,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
12、表示过去发生的动作对现在产生的影响或结果,或说话时已完成的动作。
13、大多数动词可用于进行时,但也有些动词不用于进行时。常见的有:exist, live, understand, mean, owe, belong to, know, doubt, suppose, remember, forget,
14、Each takes a cup of tea.
15、She took part in the sports meet.不能变为The sports meet was taken part in by her.因为象take part in, belong to ,own, have, hate, fail, contain等表状态动词没有被动语态。
16、 must“肯定,一定”语气强,只用于肯定句中
17、A number of students have gone for an outing.
18、用两种时态来表述发生在过去的某一动作,现在完成时强调这一过去动作对现在产生的影响或结果,而一般过去时只表达过去的动作或状态,和现在关系不大。例如:She has cleaned the room. It’s very clean now.(此句has cleaned就不能改为cleaned.一是因为cleaned与现状无关,二是因为一般过去时不可突然跳到It’s…这样的一般现在时。)
19、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
20、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
21、一般将来时表示将来要发生的动作和存在的状况。有下列一些形式:
22、⑤我找不到我们将要开会的那个会议室了。
23、 表语—表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。
24、We help each other/one another.不可变为Each other/One another is helped by us.因为相互代词不可作主语。
25、The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.
26、the number of + 名词复数,是表示“…的数字”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式;a (large / great) number of + 名词复数,表示许多,作主语时;谓语动词用复数形式。
27、 can和could“可能”,could表示可疑的可能性,不及can’t语气强,用于肯定否定疑问句中。
28、the + 形容词(或分词)作主语时,常指一类人,谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念,谓语动词则用单数形式。如:
29、The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
30、引导让步状语从句用whether不用if: eg. Whether you like it or not, you will have to do it.
31、Those who want to go please sign their names here.
32、The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.
33、All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。
34、如果宾语从句是个否定句,用if引导不用whether引导。 Eg. I don’t care if he can’t come.
35、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:
36、表示按计划安排即将发生的动作。
37、Neither of them likes this picture.
38、hardly…when…; scarcely…when…; no nooner…than…
39、there (here) + be + S
40、双重被动式:主语+被动式谓语+不定式的被动式+其它成分
41、常见句式是:主语(受动者)+be+过去分词+(by+施动者)
42、表示从过去开始,待续到现在的动作或状态,往往和“for…”, “since…”表述的一段时间状语连用。例如:He has learned English for six years./ They have worked here since they left college.
43、My family is going to have a long journey.
44、 主语、 谓语、宾语,这个咱就不细说了,大家都知道!
45、be doing (按计划将要发生,常和表示最近的将来时间连用)
46、S + vt + o (间接) + o (直接)
47、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时,既可表示复数意义,也可表示单数意义,谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如:
48、One third of the population here are workers.
49、主语+get+过去分词+其它成分
50、Every picture except these two has been sold.
51、There be + s + …
52、Here is Mr Brown and his children.
53、用来表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在(或今后还要继续一去)的动作。例如:He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00./ It has been raining for two days.
54、Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.
55、not only …but also…引导的两个分句,前一个分句用倒装,后一个分句用倒装,后一个分句用陈述结构。
56、代替一般现在时,描绘更加生动。
57、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience(听众,观众),government等作主语时,如看作是一个整体,谓语动词则用单数形式;如强调各个成员时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
58、population当人口讲时,谓语动词用单数形式;当人们讲时,谓语动词用复数。如:
59、集合名词如:people, police ,cattle等作主语,谓语动词用复数形式。如:
60、一系列概念让人眼花缭乱,对定于从句望而却步。
61、No teacher and no student is absent today.
62、表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作(这一过去时间须用时间状语表示)。例如:He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday.
63、He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.
64、Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.
65、Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。
66、The police are searching for him.
67、The cattle are grassing (吃草)。
68、 may和might“也许”,后者语气弱,更没有把握。可用语肯定句和否定句。
69、Every boy and girl has been invited to the party. 所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。
70、whether可和or not直接连用,if不能。 Eg. I don’t know whether or not he is ready.
71、S + link verb + predicative
72、S +vt+ o + o c
73、⑨你有没有看见那个裤子是红色的男孩?
74、Many a student is busy with their lessons.
75、名词之后用whether不用if eg. The decision whether to see her was mine alone.
76、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如:
77、在倒装句中, 动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here, there开头,be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。如:1)Here comes the bus.
78、介词后用whether不用if eg. It depends on whether he’s ready.
79、Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。
80、常用hope, expect, think, intend, want, suppose等动词的过去完成时来表示未实现的希望、打算或意图。例如:We had expected that you would be able to win the match.
81、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。如:
82、Is everyone here?
83、He and my father work in the same factory.
84、表示“曾经到过某地(人已回来)”用“have/has been to”,表示“到某地去了(还未回来)”用“have/has gone to”.例如:
85、Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。
86、凡是不能用于现在进行时的动词均不能用于现成完成进行时。
87、will/shall do (侧重将来行为,不突出计划安排去做某事)
88、He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.
89、The class has won the honour. 这班获得了荣誉。
90、The news at six o’clock is true.
91、Jane, Mary and I are good friends.
92、All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。
93、Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.